The pioneering study in population history was Luis Telmo Paz y Miño's 1942 La población del Ecuador (item 5419). Although Paz y Miño's interpretation of the state and movement of the population of Ecuador and its component provinces from 1780 through 1935 are subject to major revisions, he was the first researcher to demonstrate that primary sources exist for the study of the state and movement of the population of the country and its component regions and provinces, cities and townships, at least for the late colonial, independence, and early national periods. Interestingly enough Pedro Hidalgo González had already demonstrated that primary sources existed for the early and middle colonial periods as well, specifically for the port city in his "Crecimiento de la población de Guayaquil y su desarrollo urbano, 1535-1935" (item 5395), but no had expanded on Hidalgo González's work until Michael T. Hamerly appeared on the scene. Not that anyone picked up where Paz y Miño left off before Hamerly came along either.
The pioneering study in historical demography per se was Hamerly's 1970 "La demografía histórica del distrito de Cuenca, 1778-1838" (item 5392). Hamerly, a North American, was the first scholar to demonstrate not only that extant primary sources were much more abundant in time and space, including for the port city and its district--see his Historia social y económica de la antigua Provincia de Guayaquil, 1763-1842 (item 5976)--than anyone had previously thought, but equally, if not more, importantly he was the first to apply techniques of the Berkeley, French, and English schools of historical demography to Ecuadorian materials.
Had there been no Hamerly, either Rosemary D.F. Bromley or Robson Brines Tyrer might just as easily have been the "father" of "modern" or "social scientific" population history in Ecuador. Bromley's and Tyrer's studies are pioneering works in their own way too. Bromley, an English woman, was the first scholar to study the state and movement of the population of the central highlands (i.e., of Latacunga, Ambato, and Riobamba, and their districts). She was also the first researcher to bring to bear parish register data. In addition to Bromley's studies on Ecuador (items 5385-5387), see her "Parish Registers as a Source in Latin American Demographic and Historical Research," Bulletin of the Society of Latin American Studies, 19 (Jan. 1974), 14-21.
Tyrer, a North American, was the first researcher to attempt to establish the size and movement of the indigenous population of Ecuador at large for almost the whole of the colonial period (1561-1825) in his well known doctoral dissertation, The Demographic and Economic History of the Audiencia of Quito, subsequently translated into Spanish and published as Historia demográfica y económica de la Audiencia de Quito (item 5427). (Tyrer's findings for the early colonial period, however, have been superseded by those of Linda Newson [see item 5405], Javier Ortiz de la Tabla Ducasse [items 5407-5411, Karen Vieira Powers [items 5421- 5423], and Martin Volland [item 6062]).
Insofar as the southern highlands are concerned, only a few scholars have followed Hamerly's lead. The first was the cuencano Leonardo Espinoza who reexamined the results of the 1778 census (see item 5389) and, as of July 1997, the most recent the French researcher Jacques Poloni (also known as Jacques P. Simard) who exploited the same census in order to analyze the ethnic or "racial" makeup of the population of Cuenca and its district (item 5420). But only the Argentine Silvia Palomeque appears to have studied the movement of the populations of the modern Provinces of Azuay and Cañar after independence. In addition to item 5417, see chapter two of Palomeque's 1987 FLACSO thesis Cuenca en el siglo XIX (item 6401).
Apparently only Juan Chacón Zhapán, Pedro Soto, and Diego Mora Castro have begun to utilize parish register data in order to establish vital rates and other demographic indexes. See their Historia de la Gobernación de Cuenca (1777-1820) (item 6341), especially p. 11-14 and tables 1 DM-14 DM (b). Unfortunately, their presentation of the data is crude. Furthermore, Chacón Zhapán, Soto, and Mora Castro do not address the issue of methodologies employed. They are also silent as to the nature of the sources and the difficulties they pose. Therefore Chacón Zhapán, Soto, and Mora Castro's analysis as presented is all but worthless.
In addition to the works described and discussed below, see also: Suzanne Austin Alchon's Native Society and Disease in Colonial Ecuador (item 5300); María Luisa Laviana Cuetos's Guayaquil en el siglo XVIII (item 5985); Martin Minchom's The People of Quito, 1690-1810 (item 7041); Karen Vieira Powers's Prendas con pies: migraciones indígenas y supervivencia cultural en la Audiencia de Quito (item 1473); and Martin Volland's Indianische Bevölkerungsgeschichte im Corregimiento Guayaquil (1548-1765) (item 6062).
Another important work is Hermes Tovar Pinzón, Jorge Andrés Tovar Mora, and Camilo Ernesto Tovar Mora's Convocatoria al poder del número: censos y estadística de la Nueva Granada, 1750-1830 (Bogotá: Archivo General de la Nación, 1994; 587 p.). See especially pp. 63-101 for the results of the 1778 and 1825 censuses of the Viceroyalty of New Granada and Colombia and pp. 305-373 for the results of the late-colonial and independence period censuses of the Provinces of Popayán and Chocó. In this regard it will be recalled that the Viceroyalty of New Granada included the future Ecuador and that the Department of Ecuador was part of Bolívar's chimeric creation, "Gran Colombia."
N.B. This section supplements but does not altogether supersede my "La demografía histórica del Ecuador, Perú y Bolivia: una bibliografía preliminar" (item 91).
5384. Benítez A., Sylvia. "Apuntes demográficos del cacicazgo de Sangolquí: siglo XVI al XVIII," Memoria, MARKA, año 2, no. 2 (nov. 1991), 59-90.
A competent reconstruction of the state and movement of the population of the Cacicazgo of Sangolquí, one of the five pueblos within the alfoz of Quito, from the visita of 1559 through that of 1776. Especially concerned with the questions of forasteros (hidden residents) and out- as well as in-migration. Should be complemented by analysis of the parish registers of Sangolquí, more or less complete from 1632, 1690, and 1738, respectively, according to Benítez herself.
5385. Bromley, Rosemary D.F. "Change in the Ethnic Composition of the Population of Central Highland Ecuador, 1778-1841," Current Anthropology, 21:3 (June 1980), 412-414.
Analyzes changes in the "racial" composition of the populations of the districts of Latacunga and Ambato during the late colonial, independence, and early national periods.
5386. Bromley, Rosemary D.F. "Disasters and Population Change in Central Highland Ecuador, 1778-1825," Social Fabric and Spatial Structure in Colonial Latin America, edited by David J. Robinson (Ann Arbor: Published for Department of Geography, Syracuse University by University Microfilms International, 1979), p. 85-115.
Quantifies the differential impact of natural disasters, especially the earthquake of 1797, and manmade disasters, such as the loss of the textile market of Peru to European competition, on the population and economy of Latacunga, Ambato, Riobamba and their districts during the late colonial and independence periods. In addition to the earthquake of 1797 and various epidemics, Bromley finds that the wars of independence also contributed to the decline in population, at least in the towns, an argument she refines in item 5387. Also analyzes ethnic composition and distribution of the population. Based on parish register as well as coeval census data.
5387. Bromley, Rosemary D.F. "Urban-Rural Demographic Contrasts in Highland Ecuador: Town Recession in a Period of Catastrophe, 1778-1841," Journal of Historical Geography, 5:3 (July 1979), 281-295.
Demonstrates extent to which the towns of Latacunga, Ambato and Riobamba lost population absolutely and relatively in terms of their previous numbers and those of their districts during the late colonial, independence, and early national periods. In play were the continuing economic depression, several epidemics, the earthquake of 1797, that hit the towns particularly hard, civil disorders--especially the wars of independence--and out migration. Also delineates the differences in the characteristics of the urban and rural populations. Based primarily on analysis of the padrones of 1778-1781 and 1814, and the censuses of 1836-1841.
N.B. Items 5385-5387 are drawn from the author's 1977 doctoral dissertation, Urban Growth and Decline in the Central Sierra of Ecuador 1698-1940, University of Wales.
5388. Burgos Guevara, Hugo. "La población del Ecuador en la encrucijada de los siglos XVI y XVII," Atti dei XL Congresso internazionale degli americanisti: Roma-Genova, 3-10 settembre 1972, vol. 2 (Genova: Tilgher, 1973), p. 483-487.
On the basis of research in the Archivo General de Indias, Burgos "corrects" the population figures advanced by Angel Rosenblat in La población indígena de América: desde 1492 hasta la actualidad (Buenos Aires: Institución Cultural Hispánica, 1945; 2 vols.) and other works. Maintains that depopulation was less drastic than originally thought and that much of the nominal decline was the result of resettlement (i.e., the reducciones) and the mita.
5389. Espinoza, Leonardo. "En el bicentenario del primer censo de población de la Gobernación de Cuenca, 1778-1978," Revista del Archivo Nacional de Historia, Sección del Azuay, 4 (1982), 9-33.
A reassessment of the results of the 1778 padrón of city and governorship of Cuenca. Differs slightly from Hamerly's reading thereof (see item 5392).
5390. Estrada Ycaza, Julio. "Migraciones internas en el Ecuador," Revista del Archivo Histórico del Guayas, 6:11 (jun. 1977), 5-26.
A review of the flow of migrants during the colonial and national periods, especially from the highlands to the coast. Based largely on data provided by Hamerly. See also item 6588.
5391. Grohs, Waltraud. Los indios del Alto Amazonas del siglo XVI al XVIII: poblaciones y migraciones en la antigua Provincia de Maynas. Bonn: Bonner Amerikanistische Studien, 1974. 133 p.
A master's thesis on the demography of the former Province of Mainas, from the initial incursion of Europeans through the expulsion of the Jesuits. A competent résumé and analysis of the state of knowledge as of the early 1970s. Updated in part but not altogether superseded by Taylor's more recent study (item 5426).
5392. Hamerly, Michael T. "La demografía histórica del distrito de Cuenca, 1778-1838," Boletín de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 53:116 (jul./dic. 1970), 203-229.
A solidly researched and annotated survey both of the demographic data per se and of the sources on which the study is based.
5393. Hamerly, Michael T. "Demografía y morfología de Guayaquil, 1756-1814," Boletín de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 73:155/156 (1990), 157-172.
A wholly new study of the growth of the population of Guayaquil and of the city as an entity during the late colonial period, utilizing parish registers--for the first time in the literature on the historical demography of Guayaquil--as well as padrones and coeval enumerations of houses and of pulperías. For Hamerly's original findings on the historical demography of the port city, see item 5976.
5394. Heiman Guzmán, Hanns. Inmigrantes en el Ecuador: un estudio histórico. Quito: Casa Editora Liebmann, 1942. 74 p.
A survey of European emigration to and of colonies in Ecuador. Especially strong on the late-nineteenth- and early-twentieth-centuries.
5395. Hidalgo González, Pedro. "Crecimiento de la población de Guayaquil y su desarrollo urbano, 1535-1935," Boletín municipal de estadística (Guayaquil), 3:3 (jun. 1935), 1-10.
Revised and updated his earlier "Crecimiento de la población de Guayaquil y su desarrollo urbano," Revista municipal, Guayaquil, 3a ser., 7:3 (mar. 1932), 113-117.
A compendium, but not an analysis, of useful historical data and statistics, some of which appeared there within for the first time, on the "growth" of the population of the port city during its first four centuries.
5396. Landívar, Manuel Agustín. "La mortalidad en Cuenca de 1679 a 1785: epidemias y rogativas," Archivos de historia de la medicina (item 5302), p. 46-75.
A preliminary study of epidemics and their impact on the population of the city from the late-seventeenth through the early-nineteenth century.
5397. Larraín Barros, Horacio. Demografía y asentamientos indígenas en la sierra norte del Ecuador en el siglo XVI: estudio etnohistórico de las fuentes tempranas, 1525-1600. Otavalo: Instituto Otavaleño de Antropología, 1980. 2 v. (Colección Pendoneros; 11-12)
Publishes Larraín Barros's doctoral dissertation: Historical Demography of Northern Highland Ecuador in the 16th Century. 1984. State University of New York at Stony Brook.
Although based entirely on secondary studies and published sources as is also item 5398, both are well done and rich in data.
5398. Larraín Barros, Horacio; and Cruz Pardo D. "Apuntes para un estudio de la población del Corregimiento de Otavalo a fines del siglo XVI," Sarance: revista del Instituto Otavaleño de Antropología, 4 (jul. 1977), 63-95.
Analyzes sixteenth-century demographic data on Otavalo and its district as found in the Relaciones geográficas de Indias-Perú (item 1406).
Also published in: Memoria del primer Congreso Ecuatoriano de Arqueología (item 785), p. 161-197.
5399. Lucena Salmoral, Manuel. "La población del Reino de Quito en la época de reformismo borbónico: circa 1784," Revista de Indias, 54:200 (ene./abr. 1994), 33-81.
A new attempt to establish the magnitude and characteristics of the population of Presidency of Quito during the late colonial period, utilizing the padrones of the 1770s and 1780s, especially those done in and circa 1784. Among the more curious conclusions of Lucena Salmoral is that Cuenca was more populous than Quito. Although this is a correct interpretation of Quito and Cuenca as census units that included rural as well as urban parishes, the opposite held true for the two cities as urbes.
5400. Minchom, Martin. "La evolución demográfica del Ecuador en el siglo XVII [i.e., XVIII]," Cultura, 8:24b (ene./abr. 1986), 459-480.
A solid overview of the state and movement of the population of the country, especially of the highlands, during the eighteenth and early- nineteenth centuries--the "XVII" in the title is a typographical error--by one of the principal cultivators of the demography of colonial period.
Also published in English as: "Demographic Change in Eighteenth-Century Ecuador," Equateur 1986 (Paris: Editions de l'ORSTOM, 1989), vol. 1, p. 179-196.
5401. Minchom, Martin. "Historia demográfica de Loja y su provincia desde 1700 hasta finales de la colonia," Cultura, 5:15 (ene./abr. 1983), 149-169.
A pioneering study of the population history of the city and Province of Loja from 1700 through 1825. Based on parish registers--although only of the town--as well as on coeval censuses and other enumerations.
5402. Minchom, Martin. "The Making of a White Province: Demographic Movement and Ethnic Transformation in the South of the Audiencia de Quito, 1670-1830," Bulletin de l'Institut français d'études andines, 12:3/4 (1983), 23-39.
Examines the nominally substantial but in reality only partial transformation of the population of Loja from mixed (i.e., Indian, "white", and black) to mostly "white."
5403. Moreno Egas, Jorge. "Apuntes para el estudio de la población del siglo XVI de la Real Audiencia de Quito," Museo Histórico, 56 (1978), 71-87.
5404. Moreno Egas, Jorge. Quito en 1797. Quito: Centro Ecuatoriano para el Desarrollo de la Comunidad, 1991. 64 p.
A methodologically unsophisticated study of a heretofore ignored record group, the 1797 lists of communicants of six of the seven urban parishes of the capital--that of Santa Prisca, if compiled, does not appear to have survived. Not analyzed conjointly with coeval parish register or civil census data. See also item 5129.
5405. Newson, Linda A. Life and Death in Early Colonial Ecuador. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1995. xii, 505 p.
As of July 1997, the most substantial and sophisticated study on the yet to be wholly resolved questions of how large the native populations of the coast, the highlands, and the Oriente were prior to the Inca and Spanish conquests, and by how much they declined as a direct or indirect consequence thereof. (In so far as the central-south coast is concerned, however, Vollmer's Indianische Bevölkerungsgeschichte im Corregimiento Guayaquil (1548-1765) (item 6062) is more detailed.) Includes a detailed discussion of the lands and peoples of pre-Columbian Ecuador on the eve of the conquests. Employs qualitative as well as quantitative analysis.
5406. Numeraciones del repartimiento de Otavalo, compilación de Juan Freile Granizo; transcripción paleográfica de María Mardorf de Larraín, Nadia Flores de Núñez y Juan Freile Granizo. Otavalo: Instituto Otavaleño de Antropología, 1981. 2 v. (Colección Pendoneros; 17, 18)
A major compendium of sixteenth- and seventeenth-century visitas and revisitas, including that of Viceroy Toledo. Although used by Karen Vieira Powers, apparently not known to, or at least exploited by, Linda A. Newson.
5407. Ortiz de la Tabla Ducasse, Javier. "Extranjeros en la Audiencia de Quito, 1595-1603," América y la España del siglo XVI (Madrid: Instituto "Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo," 1983), vol. 2, p. 93-113.
A novel analysis of foreign-born residents in the early-colonial period. Finds that the majority of the foreign-born were Portuguese and that for the most part they were to be found in Guayaquil.
5408. Ortiz de la Tabla Ducasse, Javier. "La población ecuatoriana en la época colonial: cuestiones y cálculos," Anuario de estudios americanos, 37 (1980), 235-277.
Reassesses the known sources (as of the late 1970s) on native population movements in the sixteenth and early-seventeenth centuries. Attempts to demonstrate that whereas the coast and the southern highlands lost inhabitants, the indigenous populations of the northern and central highlands grew. As of 1980, Ortiz de la Tabla was uncertain whether growth resulted from in migration, more accurate enumerations, or favorable fertility schedules. Also critical of Burgos Guevara' manipulation of the data and Tyrer's depopulation curve (see items 5388 and 5427).
5409. Ortiz de la Tabla Ducasse, Javier. "La población ecuatoriana en el siglo XVI: fuentes y cálculos," Memorias del primer Simposio Europeo sobre Antropología del Ecuador (item 603), p. 159-173.
Maintains that the sources on which Tyrer's account of native population rests do not stand up well to critical analysis, demonstrating that later sources cribbed from earlier ones, and that some sources mixed data of differing dates. Discusses alternative sources for more accurate assessment of the state and movement of the population following the Spanish conquest, noting, however, that Archivo General de Indias lacks encomienda records for the Presidency of Quito.
5410. Ortiz de la Tabla Ducasse, Javier. "La población indígena del Corregimiento de Riobamba, Ecuador, 1581-1605: la visita y numeración de Pedro de León," Historiografía y bibliografía americanistas, 25 (1981), 19-87.
Provides a full transcription of the summary of the visita of 1581 for the central highlands. Again disagrees with Tyrer's findings, especially latter's postulation of an increase in native population (at least through 1605), and suggests a total population/tributary ratio of somewhat less than four to one for the late sixteenth century.
5411. Ortiz de la Tabla Ducasse, Javier. "La población tributaria del Ecuador colonial," Cultura, 8:24b (ene./abr. 1986), 447-458.
An excellent summary of the increasingly more complete picture of the state and movement of the native population during the early colonial period. By the mid-1980s, enough evidence had been accumulated to demonstrate more or less conclusively that the Indians of the highlands of Ecuador did not experience nearly as drastic a decline as their counterparts in Mexico or neighboring Peru.
Also published in French as: "La population tributaire de l'Equateur colonial," Equateur 1986 (Paris: Editions de l'ORSTOM, 1989), vol. 1, p. 167-178.
5412. "Padrón de la Parroquía la Matriz del Cantón Guayaquil en 1832," Colección Amigos de la Genealogía, 21 (jun. 1986), 35-90.
Items 5412, 5415, 5418, and 5428-5434 constitute part of the 1832 set of at least 59 lists of adult male taxpayers, padrones of adult males per se, and catastros of urban and rural parishes of the former Province of Guayaquil, undertaken in compliance with the law of 17 Dec. 1831. The originals are or, at least used to be, in the Archivo Histórico de la Biblioteca Municipal de Guayaquil. I do not know if Ezio Garay Arellano, who published these items, transcribed the sources from the original documents or relied on the typewritten transcription thereof, also in, or formerly in, the AH/BMG. Be that as it may, it should be noted that the typed version is not altogether reliable.
5413. "Padrón de Santa Bárbara en 1768," Museo Histórico, 56 (1978), 93-122.
A nominative list of vecinos y moradores of one of the parishes of Quito.
5414. "Padrón y apuntamientos de Gualaceo, ordenado por el Gobernador Vallejo, en septiembre de 1778,"[versión de] Max Romeo Arízaga, Colección Amigos de la Genealogía, 27 (abr. 1987), 6-25.
Publishes one of the raw returns of the 1778 census of the Governorship of Cuenca, analyzed in items 5389 and 5392. Exemplifies the wealth of data to be found in the Vallejo census.
5415. "Padrones de Santa Lucía y de Balzar en 1832," Colección Amigos de la Genealogía , 23 (nov. 1986), 65-79.
5416. Páez Terán, Rodrigo. "Inmigraciones al Ecuador de 1870 a 1920," Colección Amigos de la Genealogía, 21 (jun. 1986), 207-210.
5417. Palomeque, Silvia. "Ecuador en el siglo XIX: movimientos de la población en la región de Cuenca," Siglo XIX (Monterrey), 4:7 (ene./jun. 1988), 127-175.
A preliminary yet important study of the state and movement of the population of the Provinces of Cañar and Azuay in the 1800s. Includes analysis of returns of the 1871 census, but only from one of the three urban parishes of Cuenca (San Sebastián) and two of the rural parishes (Molleturo and San Cristóbal).
5418. "Parroquía de Santa Clara de Daule: padrones de la ciudad de Guayaquil y Provincia de idem., año de 1832," Colección Amigos de la Genealogía, 23 (nov. 1986), 65-79.
5419. Paz y Miño, Luis Telmo. La población del Ecuador. Quito: Publicaciones del Ministerio de Previsión Social, 1942. 51 p.
The pioneering study. Paz y Miño was the first scholar of any nationality to begin to compile and analyze historical demographic data of Ecuador. Methodologically unsophisticated, however. More importantly, not pursued in depth by Paz y Miño, notwithstanding his apparently long standing interest in the topic (see also items 8771 and 8772).
5420. Poloni, Jacques. "Mesure du métissage à Cuenca d'après le recensement de 1778," Mélanges de la Casa de Velázquez, 28:2 (1992), 101-122.
Analyzes ethnic composition of the city and district of Cuenca, utilizing detailed returns of the 1778 census. Agrees with Hamerly (as argued in item 5392) that mestizos were classified as "whites," at least for purposes of enumeration. Advances historical demography of the southern highlands and constitutes a major step towards providing a quantitative base for reconstruction of the region's social history.
5421. Powers, Karen Vieira. Andean Journeys: Migration, Ethnogenesis, and the State in Colonial Quito, 1st ed. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1995. xii, 236 p.
Employs qualitative and quantitative analysis to determine why the native population, especially of the northern and central highlands, "increased" during the late-sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Finds primary cause to have been in migration (intra- as well as interregional) and secondary cause to have been falsification of data by caciques and census takers, especially during the sixteenth and early-seventeenth centuries. Does not dispute, therefore, that massive depopulation occurred during the Inca and Spanish conquests and civil wars, but argues that "widespread population displacement away from the center and toward marginal areas of the audiencia" was responsible in large part for the depopulation of the highlands, especially during the first two thirds of the sixteenth century. Also examines cultural dynamics and socioeconomic implications of migration. Clearly written and well reasoned. An exceptionally important contribution to the demographic, economic, and social history of the highlands. See also Power's separately published dissertation (item 1473).
5422. Powers, Karen Vieira. "Indian Migration in the Audiencia of Quito: Crown Manipulation and Local Co-Optation," Migration in Colonial Spanish America, edited by David J. Robinson (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990), p. 313-323, 387-390.
A working paper on internal migration in sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Suggests that heavy labor quotas were largely responsible for out migration. Primarily concerned with manipulation of forasteros by the crown and colonials.
5423. Powers, Karen Vieira. "Migración vertical en la Audiencia de Quito: el caso de los Quijos en el siglo XVI," Revista ecuatoriana de historia económica, 1:2 (1987), 103-130.
A revisionist study of the demographic history of the early colonial period, especially of the role of migration between the sierra and the eastern lowlands, more specifically between the northern and central highlands, especially Quito itself, and Quijos. Based on the author's M.A. thesis.
5424. Sáenz Andrade, Alvaro; and Diego Palacios. "La dimensión demográfica de la historia ecuatoriana," Nueva historia del Ecuador (item 615), vol. 12, p. 135-174.
Apparently the only attempt as of July 1997, to outline the state and movement of the population of Ecuador from the Spanish conquest through the census of 1990. Less than satisfactory, however, inasmuch as the authors are not as well versed in the sources and the literature as they should be. See also Delaunay, León V., and Portais's Transición demográfica en el Ecuador (item 8716).
5425. Saint-Geours, Yves. "La evolución demográfica del Ecuador en el siglo XIX," Cultura, 8:24b (ene./abr. 1986), 481-492.
A brief but novel essay on the state and movement of the population in the 1800s.
Also published in French as: "L'evolution démographique de l'Equateur au XIXe siècle," Equateur 1986 (Paris: Editions de l'ORSTOM, 1989), vol. 1, p. 197-207.
5426. Taylor, Anne-Christine. "La evolución demográfica de las poblaciones indígenas de la Alta Amazonia del siglo XVI al XX," Cultura, 8:24b (ene./abr. 1986), 507-518.
A new overview of the state and movement of the autochthonous populations of the Oriente from the 1500s through the 1800s.
Also published in French as: "L'evolution démographique des populations indigènes de la Haute Amazonie, du XVIe au XXe siècle," Equateur 1986 (Paris: Editions de l'ORSTOM, 1989), vol. 1, p. 227-240.
5427. Tyrer, Robson Brines. Historia demográfica y económica de la Audiencia de Quito: población indígena e industria textil, 1600-1800. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1988. 325 p. (Biblioteca de historia económica; 1)
Publishes his 1976 doctoral dissertation: The Demographic and Economic History of the Audiencia of Quito: Indian Population and the Textile Industry, 1600-1800. University of California. xii, 493 leaves.
The pioneering, now classic, albeit increasingly superseded study of the historical demography of Presidency of Quito at large, especially of the north-central highlands. For assessments and critical reviews of Tyrer's work see item 247.
5428. "Vecinos de la Parroquia Caracol de la villa de Babahoyo el 17 de diciembre de 1831," [edición de] Ezio Garay Arellano, Colección Amigos de la Genealogía, 30 (jul. 1987), 27-31.
5429. "Vecinos de la Parroquia de Machala según el censo de 1832," [edición de] Ezio Garay Arellano, Colección Amigos de la Genealogía, 23 (nov. 1986), 55-63.
5430. "Vecinos de la Parroquia de Pimocha del 3 de marzo de 1832," [edición de] Ezio Garay Arellano, Colección Amigos de la Genealogía, 30 (jul. 1987), 15-23.
5431. "Vecinos de la Parroquia de Publoviejo [sic] del Cantón Babahoyo del 17 de diciembre de 1831: antiguo pueblo de San Francisco de la Estrella,"[edición de] Ezio Garay Arellano, Colección Amigos de la Genealogía, 30 (jul. 1987), 17-23.
5432. "Vecinos de la Parroquia de Sabaneta de la villa de Babahoyo el 17 de diciembre de 1832,"[edición de] Ezio Garay Arellano, Colección Amigos de la Genealogía, 30 (jul. 1987), 24-26.
5433. "Vecinos de la Parroquia de Santa Rosa de El Oro en 1832," [edición de] Ezio Garay Arellano, Colección Amigos de la Genealogía, 23 (nov. 1986), 64.
5434. "Vecinos de la villa de Babahoyo en 1o de julio de 1832,"[edición de] Ezio Garay Arellano, Colección Amigos de la Genealogía, 30 (jul. 1987), 8-14.
5435. Visita y numeración de los pueblos del Valle de los Chillos, 1551-1559, Cristobal Landázuri N., compilador. Quito: MARKA, Instituto de Historia y Antropología Andina; Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1990. 313 p.
Early demographic sources often show up in expedientes and traslados that at first glance appear to have little or nothing to do with the state and movement of population. Cases in point are the here within published: "Residencia del licenciado Juan de Salazar de Villasante del tiempo que fue corregidor de la ciudad de San Francisco de Quito y su partido por el licenciado Hernando de Santillán presidente de la Real Audiencia, segundo legajo" (1564-1566), p. 71-265, that contains the inspection and enumeration of 1559, to which is appended the inspection of 1551. Also publishes the: "Litigio entre don Juan Zumba cacique del pueblo Uyumbicho y Hernando de la Parra, alcalde ordinario de la ciudad de Quito sobre tierras en Uyumbicho" (1565), p. 267-303.
5436. Washburn, Douglas A. "La delineación de regiones por características demográficas," Revista del Archivo Nacional de Historia, Sección del Azuay, 4 (1982), 34-57.
Analyzes characteristics of the population by macro regions and coeval jurisdictions circa 1778, utilizing padrones of the late 1770s and early 1780s.